Download Free Apps & Games @ PHONEKY.com
Download Free Apps & Games @ PHONEKY.com
Subject: HISTORY OF CAT
Replies: 15 Views: 614
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:03am
History of Cats
The history of the cat is an interesting tale with twists and turns at every few hundred years. The cat has been worshiped, adored, loathed, and persecuted by humans throughout time. To understand cats' place in todays society, it is important to know how the relationship between cats and humans began.
It has been 5000 years since man domesticated the cat. The first cat made tame was the African Wildcat. The cat wasn't domesticated to make a pet or companion; the cat was domesticated by accident.
In the Valley of the Nile (which is now Sudan, but then was Upper Egypt), the cat was first domesticated. The people in Egypt at that time consumed large amounts of grain, and they stored this grain in large storage rooms. Many rats would draw to these rooms to eat the grain and breed. The rats attracted cats who would eat the rats, thus helping to eliminate Egypt's rodent problem. People recognized this fact and left food out for the cats to encourage them to hang around. It worked. Many cats bred and lived happy lives in Egypt destroying the plentiful rats.
Now the Pharoah had much grain that needed protection from vermin. He wanted to consficate all of the cats in Egypt and keep them near the palace graineries, but he couldn't. Cats were so popular among his people that to remove all the cats from all the people in Egypt would have caused a revolt. So, instead he cleverly declared all cats demigods. This means that they weren't gods equal to the Pharoah's status, but they certainly were more valuable than the average person. With this plan, people could care for the demigods (cats) while they remained the official property of the Pharoah. The status of the cat shot up overnight. If anyone killed a cat, they were sentenced to death. If a house caught on fire, the cats were pulled to safety first. If a cat died of natural causes, the family had to bring the dead animal to the priest to make certain the cat's death was natural. People would sob for their cat with outwardly displays of sorrow. Shaving their eyebrows or beating their chest was a good sign of this sadness.
In time, the cat became known for health, fortune, and marriage. To have many cats meant you were very lucky.
Cats spread to other parts of the world by ship. The crew members would always keep extra cats aboard the ship to kill any mice that might be aboard. Cats spread quickly, and soon were part of many religious beliefs and dieties. One such goddess, Freya, a Norse goddess during the middle ages, had the head of a cat and the body of a woman. The inclusion of cats with religious gods became the cat's downfall. When Christianity spread, it condemned false gods, and cats were viewed as a manifestation of the devil. This led to 100 years of pure torture to the cat. Many were killed, tormented, burned at a stake, or else roasted alive. Consequently, the cat population declined tremendously, and cats became scarce.
It is supposed that domestication of cats took place not only in Egypt but in other regions on the globe. The remains of animals discovered when excavating the ancient settlements of the Bronze Age and even late Stone Age on the territory of the Caucasus, Central Asia, India confirm this idea. At the beginning of AD a cat as a domestic animal, appeared in Roman Empire and according to Plutarchus, in I century AD, it was found in Europe. In the XIth century domestic cat spread over the whole Europe and became an ordinary domestic animal used in household first of all for catching rodents.
At the same time the spreading took place in Russia. According to excavations cats come to us not only from the west but also from the south. There were discovered the remains dating from the VIIth-VIIIth centuries AD in the south of Ukraine, and in central and northern regions of Russia (Moscow, Novgorod) - dating from the Xth-XIVth centuries.
Cat become the favorite domestic animal because of its features and habits, very specific, different from the features of other domestic animals: meowing resembling the crying of the child during the heat, changes of pupils of the eyes depending on the power of light, soft, noiseless step etc. And simultaneously it was chased and driven away. In convents cat was the only animal allowed to keep. In the Xth century in Great Britain cats were worshiped; for theft or killing of the cat one could be sentenced to death. In other countries, in France, for example, at the same time cats was considered to be a Satan, a monster. Often the owners of black cats were accused of agreement with a devil. In the Middle Ages many people were burnt with their cats. That's why in the ancient pictures cats are depicted together with the warlocks. The same image of this animal one can find in fairy-tales, but absurd and invented superstitions about cats have fallen into oblivion.
In other countries where Islam ruled, cats were held in respect. The legend says that Mohammed adored cats. When one of them was sleeping on his sleeve and he had to go out, Mohammed supposedly cut off the sleeve not to disturb his pet.
The cat was also common in China by 500 BC. At first the cat was given as gifts to Emperors. As time went by the nobility were allowed to own them, then the priesthood, and finally the commoners. A lot of the cats interbreed with the local wild cats and created some of the breeds we know today. The fluffy Persian came from the country of its name. Now called Iran. The Angora from Turkey. The Siamese from Siam, now Thailand. The Burmese from Burma, now Myanmar and the Bobtail from Japan. In Japan, cats are seen as lucky. One of the most known cat is the 'Beckoning Cat'. This cat is seen with one paw held up, and brings good luck to Japanese and Chinese homes and businesses that have one displayed. The story goes that a cat used to stand out the front of the Gotokuji Temple in Tokyo and hold up its paw and beckon people in. Due to the cat the temple became very rich. The temple still exists today and cat lovers go there to pray for the good health of there pets.
In Europe the cat was seen as evil and disciples of the Devil. By 1400 the cat was almost extinct due to bad press from the Church. This was because the Church felt that the cat had to much connection to Pagan churches and beliefs. This is one of the main reasons that The Plague got out of hand.
At first the People thought that cats and dogs were the bringers of plague. This led to the anilination of both animals. Later it was discovered that there was less of a problem with plague if there was a lot of cats around. This encouraged people to start keeping cats again. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:09am
Cat Facts
All cats are members of the family Felidea. Interestingly enough, the cat family split from the other mammals at least 40,000,000 years ago, making them one of the oldest mammalian families. All cats share certain characteristics that are unique to the cat family. Cats are pure carnivores. They need a high level of protein in their diets - around 30% - and lack the digestive equipment to do well on a diet of grains, fruits or vegetables. In fact, if you were to design a creature to live from hunting mammals you would have trouble doing better than the design of the cat. If you know cats at all, you know that they have powerful jaws, long, sharp teeth, and claws that draw back into their paws when not in use. Cats hear extremely well. Their eyes are adapted for vision in dim light for hunting just before dawn and just after dusk, the prime hunting periods.
Don't be alarmed when your cats bring you gifts of birds, mice or other wild critters. This is a natural part of their gift ritual, and they do it to please you.
Cats purr to communicate.
Cats have five toes on each front paw, but only four toes on each back paw.
Cats have true fur, in that they have both an undercoat and an outer coat.
Contrary to popular belief, the cat is a social animal. A pet cat will respond and answer to speech , and seems to enjoy human companionship.
If left to her own devices, a female cat may have three to seven kittens every four months. This is why population control using neutering and spaying is so important.
Kittens are born with both eyes and ears closed. When the eyes open, they are always blue at first. They change color over a period of months to the final eye color.
When well treated, a cat can live twenty or more years.
Cats live 14 to 20 years, some 30.
Cats beat dogs for the 1 spot as the most popular pet in the United States.
Dogs and cats are color-blind.
If you sneeze whenever you're around cats, chances are it's not the cat hair that sets you off, but the saliva that remains on their fur.
Aspirin is poisonous to cats.
A smooth, shiny coat is the sign of a healthy cat.
Cat saliva contains a detergent that keeps their fur clean.
Dogs and cats that are not around people before they reach the age of three months seldom turn out to be good pets. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:10am
Cat Facts A cat cannot see directly under its nose. This is why the cat cannot seem to find tidbits on the floor.
The gene in cats that causes the orange coat color is s*xed linked, and is on the X s*x chromosome. This gene may display orange or black. Thus, as female cat with two X chromosomes may have orange and black colors in its coat. A male, with only one X chromosome, can have only orange or black, not both.
If a male cat is both orange and black it is ( besides being extremely rare ) sterile. To have both the orange and the black coat colors, the male cat must have all or part of both female X chromosomes. This unusual s*x chromosome combination will render the male cat sterile.
Cats have AB blood groups just like people.
A form of AIDS exists in cats.
If you take kitten away from its mother before it is 8 weeks old, she may not have enough time to train it properly to use a litter box.
A healthy kitten has clear, bright eyes and clean ears.
A happy cat carries its tail upright, while a nervous one holds it down low. When a cat fluffs out its tail, it is to appear larger and scare off whatever is frightening it.
If your cat hides and then runs out and pounces on you, she is acting out her instinctive hunting ritual.
Cats act reserved because their ancestors hunted and lived alone. They did not live in packs and therefore depend less on others.
Cats' eyes don't glow in the dark; they only reflect light.
In relation to body size, a cat's eyes are bigger than most mammals.
Siamese coat color and crossed eyes may be caused by the same gene.
The color of the points in Siamese cats is heat related. Cool areas are darker.
Siamese kittens are born white because of the heat inside the mother's uterus before birth. This heat keeps the kittens' hair from darkening on the points.
There are many myths about cats. Check this page to see some of them discussed, and to find out the true facts.
Though rare, cats can contract canine heart worms.
People who are allergic to cats are actually allergic to cat saliva or to cat dander. If the resident cat is bathed regularly the allergic people tolerate it better.
Studies now show that the allergen in cats is related to their scent glands. Cats have scent glands on their faces and at the base of their tails. Entire male cats generate the most scent. If this secretion from the scent glands is the allergen, allergic people should tolerate spayed female cats the best.
Cats lick people as a sign of affection. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:11am
Cat Facts Cats do not think that they are little people. They think that we are big cats. This influences their behavior in many ways.
Cats are subject to gum disease and to dental caries. They should have their teeth cleaned by the vet or the cat dentist once a year.
Cats, especially older cats, do get cancer. Many times this disease can be treated successfully.
Most cats have no eyelashes.
Many cats cannot properly digest cow's milk. Milk and milk products give them diarrhea.
Cats lack a true collarbone. Because of this lack, cats can generally squeeze their bodies through any space they can get their heads through. You may have seen a cat testing the size of an opening by careful measurement with the head.
Cats with white fur and skin on their ears are very pro ne to sunburn. Frequent sunburns can lead to skin cancer. Many white cats need surgery to remove all or part of a cancerous ear. Preventive measures include sunscreen, or better, keeping the cat indoors.
Cats can get tapeworms from eating fleas. These worms live inside the cat forever, or until they are removed with medication. They reproduce by shedding a link from the end of their long bodies. This link crawls out the cat's , and sheds hundreds of eggs. These eggs are injested by flea larvae, and the cycles continues. Humans may get these tapeworms too, but only if they eat infected fleas. Cats with tapeworms should be dewormed by a veterinarian.
Cats can get tapeworms from eating mice. If your cat catches a mouse it is best to take the prize away from it.
There are tiny, parasitic worms that can live in a cat's stomach. These worms cause frequent vomiting.
Many people fear catching a protozoan disease, Toxoplasmosis, from cats. This disease can cause illness in the human, but more seriously, can cause birth defects in the unborn. Toxoplasmosis is a common disease, sometimes spread through the feces of cats. It is caused most often from eating raw or rare beef. Pregnant women and people with a depressed immune system should not touch the cat litter box. Other than that, there is no reason that these people have to avoid cats.
Cats have a full inner-eyelid, or nictitating membrane. This inner-eyelid serves to help protect the eyes from dryness and damage. When the cat is ill, the inner-eyelid will frequently close partially, making it visible to the observer.
You can tell a cat's mood by looking into its eyes. A frightened or excited cat will have large, round pupils. An angry cat will have narrow pupils. The pupil size is related as much to the cat's emotions as to the degree of light.
A cat is pregnant for about 58-65 days. This is roughly two months.
The two most common problems with cats are aggression, and refusing to use the litter box. Both of these problems are usually caused by social conflict among cats. To have the fewest problems, have only one cat at a time. The more cats you introduce into a house, the more likely you are to have difficulties with the cats. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:12am
Cat Facts If you have a cat and want to have another cat, it will be easiest to introduce a female kitten. An elderly cat that is alone, however, should not be bothered with another cat. Let it rest in peace. Bringing a new cat into a household is always very stressful for all the cats concerned.
Unlike humans and dogs, cats do not suffer a lot from loneliness. It is a mistake to project our social feelings onto our cats. Cats are social to a degree, but they are far more concerned with territorial issues than we can even imagine.
Purring: To purr, cats use extra tissue in the larynx (voice box). This tissue vibrates when they purr.
In ancient Egypt, killing a cat was a crime punishable by death.
In ancient Egypt, mummies were made of cats, and embalmed mice were placed with them in their tombs. In one ancient city, over 300,000 cat mummies were found.
In the Middle Ages, during the Festival of Saint John, cats were burned alive in town squares.
The first cat show was in 1871 at the Crystal Palace in London.
Today there are about 100 distinct breeds of the domestic cat.
Genetic mutation created the domestic cat which is tame from birth.
Like birds, cats have a homing ability that uses its biological clock, the angle of the sun, and the Earth's magnetic field. A cat taken far from its home can return to it. But if a cat's owners move far from its home, the cat can't find them.
Hunting is not instinctive for cats. Kittens born to non-hunting mothers may never learn to hunt.
Cats bury their feces to cover their trails from predators.
Mother cats teach their kittens to use the litter box.
Among other tasks, cats can be taught to use a toilet, come, sit, beg, eat with their paws, heel, jump through a hoop, play a piano, play dead, roll over, open a door, hide food in boxes, shake, and fetch.
Cats sleep 16 to 18 hours per day. When cats are asleep, they are still alert to incoming stimuli. If you poke the tail of a sleeping cat, it will respond accordingly.
In Great Britain, black cats are thought to bring good luck.
Besides smelling with their nose, cats can smell with an additional organ called the Jacobson's organ, located in the upper surface of the mouth.
Cats can't taste sweets.
The chlorine in fresh tap water irritates sensitive parts of the cat's nose. Let tap water sit for 24 hours before giving it to a cat.
The average cat food meal is the equivalent to about five mice.
The catgut formerly used as strings in tennis rackets and musical instruments does not come from cats. Catgut actually comes from sheep, hogs, and horses.
A large majority of white cats with blue eyes are deaf. White cats with only one blue eye are deaf only in the ear closest to the blue eye. White cats with orange eyes do not have this disability.
Neutering a cat extends its life span by two or three years.
Pregnant women are advised not to come in contact with cat feces, because it can contain an organism which can affect the unborn child and even cause miscarriage.
Ten human years translate to about 60 cat years. A one year old cat is similar in age to an 18 year old human. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:12am
Cat Facts If you have to break up a cat fight use a broom to separate them.
Cats land on their feet because they have a flexible spine.
Cats are attracted to the cave-like appeal of a clothes dryer. Always look inside before closing the door.
Most lively, active kittens grow up to be friendly, outgoing cats.
One female cat can give birth to as many as 420 kittens in her lifetime, amd each of those kittens can do the same after reaching maturity.
Cats sometimes have a hard time accepting a new cat because cats don't usually crave companionship in quite the same way a dog does.
Never let your cat use an old chair for scrathcing. Cats don't know the difference between old and new. Fabric-covered scratching posts even confuse some cats.
If your cat gets trapped in a tree, put an open can of her/his favorite food at the bottom of the tree and go inside. Most cats will find their way down within a few hours.
A cat's night vision is six times better a human's.
A cat retracts its claws by flexing its toes. This protects their sharpness and lets him walk quietly when stalking prey.
Cats have a vomeronasal organ behind their front teeth that heightens their sense of smell.
Cats born without tails genetically have a shorter spine and longer rear legs than other cats.
Most deaf cats do not meow.
Although milk is okay for kittens, it is not easy for an adult cat to digest. Cottage cheese and yoghurt can be more easily digested.
Cats eat grass to keep their digestive systems clean. The regurgitation brings up hair and other irritants.
A helthy cat's nose is cool.
Cats don't scratch furniture to get attention, they scratch to groom their claws.
When a cat swishes its tail back and forth, she's concentrating on somthing; if her tail starts moving faster, she has become annoyed.
Cats rub to mark ownership. They have glands on their lips as well as at the base of the tail just so they can mark their territory. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:13am
Cat Facts Only a mother cat should pick a cat up by the scruff of the neck.
Brushing your cat daily will cut down on hairba11s.
A cat is but a small lion who socializes with humans.
Multi-colored male cats are very rare. For every 3,000 tortoiseshell or calico cats born, only one will be male.
Most cats do not like to be held by the shoulders with their hind legs swinging loose.
A cat's whiskers are actually sensory organs that provide feedback on how near objects are.
In England, the government owns thousands of cats. Their job is to help keep the buildings free of rodents.
Cats knead you lap because they're happy.
If you do not respond when your cat talks to you, it will soon lose the urge to communicate with you.
Some cats, males in particular, develop health problems if fed dry food exclusively.
A little vegetable oil daily will help to prevent fur-ba11s and bring a shine to your cat's coat.
Cats can rotate each ear independently, so they can hear noises from two directions at once.
Cuddle your cat.
The Cat family includes about 39 species of cat, ranging from the tiger to the domestic cat. Agile, athletic predators, all of them are excellent hunters. They combine speed and strength with a highly developed sense of sight and hearing.
Australia and Antarctica are the only continents which have no native cat species. It is believed cats were living in parts of Australia before European settlement, possibly escapees from shipwrecks or traders' boats where they had been employed to catch rats. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:14am
Cat Facts Cats have the best vision and in the dark their eyes become more like Ears, the reason being that their pupils can pick up acoustic vibrations.
Cats have the ability to see color.
Cats are able to hear sounds that move faster than 45,000 hertz. They could hear the sound of a bat.
Kittens when they are born have closed ear canals that don't begin to open for nine to ten days.
When a kitten is born they are unable to hunt as this must be taught to them by their mothers.
The average cat food meal is equivalent to five medium-size mice.
Cats are unable to eat many things such as Chocolate, Tylenol, avocado, poinsettia, lily-of-the-valley, and morning glory are all poisonous and sometimes deadly to cats.
Cats can taste sweet things.
A can't will not eat its food if is unable to smell it. The cat has 17 million nerve cells in its nose, which are used to trace smells around its environment.
The indoor cat has a longer life span than an outdoor cat.
A one year old cat is equivalent to an 18 year old human.
Cats are able to find their way home using the magnetic fieldon earth, the sun, and their own biological clocks. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:29am
Cat Superstitions
Dreaming of white cat means good luck. - American superstition
To see a white cat on the road is lucky. - American superstition
It is bad luck to see a white cat at night. - American superstition
If a cat washes behind its ears, it will rain. - English superstition
A strange black cat on your porch brings prosperity. - Scottish superstition
A cat sneezing is a good omen for everyone who hears it. - Italian superstition
A cat sleeping with all four paws tucked under means cold weather ahead. - English superstition
When moving to a new home, always put the cat through the window instead of the door, so that it will not leave. - American superstition
When you see a one-eyed cat, spit on your thumb, stamp it in the palm of your hand, and make a wish. The wish will come true. - American superstition
In the Netherlands, cats were not allowed in rooms where private family discussions were going on. The Dutch believed that cats would definitely spread gossips around the town. - Netherlands superstition
To reverse the bad luck curse of a black cat crossing your path, first walk in a circle, then go backward across the spot where it happened and count to 13. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:30am
Cat Sayings
Honest as the Cat when the meat's out of reach. - Old English saying
A cat's eyes are windows enabling us to see into another world. - Irish Legend
Cat's motto: No matter what you've done wrong, always try to make it look like the dog did it. - Unknown
When the cat's away, the mice will play - Folk Saying
The cat is mighty dignified until the dog comes by. - Southern Folk Saying
Whenever the cat of the house is black, the lasses of lovers will have no lack - Folk Saying
Who would believe such pleasure from a wee ball o' fur? - Irish Saying
A cat is a lion in a jungle of small bushes. - Indian Saying
Touch not a Cat but a glove.
What can you have of a Cat but her skin?
When the Cat's away the mice will play.
Cat and Fiddle.
Cat and Kittens.
Cat and Mouse Act.
To play cat and mouse.
Cat-o'-nine-tails.
Cat-call.
Cat-eyed.
In Ireland, if something is funny we say: It would make a cat laugh.
Let the Cat out of the Bag
Put (or set) the Cat among the Pigeons (British Informal)
Rain Cats and Dogs
The Cat's Pyjamas (or Whiskers)
Fat Cat
Look what the Cat dragged in
Curiosity killed the Cat
Nervous as a Cat in a room full of rocking chairs
Like a Cat on a hot tin roof
Cat got your tongue
Not enough room to swing a Cat
To grin like a Cheshire Cat
Better one cat tofay than no cats tomorrow *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:32am
Cat Proverbs
Page 1
You will always be lucky if you know how to make friends with strange cats. - Colonial proverb
In a cat's eye, all things belong to cats. - English proverb
Beware of people who dislike cats. - Irish proverb
An old cat will not learn how to dance. - Moroccan Proverb
After dark all cats are leopards. - Native American Proverb
A cat may look at a king. - English Proverb
Happy owner, happy cat. Indifferent owner, reclusive cat. - Chinese Proverb
A cat has nine lives. For three he plays, for three he strays, and for the last three he stays. - English Proverb
Happy is the home with at least one cat - Italian Proverb
The cat was created when the lion sneezed - Arabian Proverb
Curiosity killed the cat, Satisfaction brought it back! - English Proverb
Books and cats and fair-haired little girls make the best furnishing for a room - French Proverb
I gave an order to a cat, and the cat gave it to its tail - Chinese Proverb
Cats, flies and women are ever at their toilets - French Proverb
The dog for the man, the cat for the woman - English Proverb
Thou art the Great Cat, the avenger of the Gods, and the judge of words, and the president of the sovereign chiefs and the governor of the holy Circle; thou art indeed...the Great Cat. - Inscription on the Royal Tombs at Thebes
The cat who frightens the mice away is as good as the cat who eats them - German proverb
A cat bitten once by a snake dreads even rope - Arab Proverb
A cat may go to a monastery, but she still remains a cat - Ethiopian proverb
Ye shall not possess any beast, my dear sisters, except only a cat. - The Ancren Riewle (Nun's Rule)
The cat is nature's Beauty. - French Proverb
When rats infest the Palace a lame cat is better than the swiftest horse. - Chinese Proverb
All cats look gray in the dark.
A cat has nine lives.
When the cat is away the mice will play.
The cat is honest when the meat is out of her reach.
It takes a good many mice to kill a cat.
A cornered cat becomes as fierce as a lion.
If you don't feed the cats you must feed the rats.
Wanton kittens make sober cats.
The cat is a good friend but she scratches.
A cat may look on a king.
There are many ways of skinning a cat. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:34am
Page 2
Cat mighty dignified till the dog come by.
They agree like cats and dogs.
Don't trust the weak appearance of the wolf or the disappearance of the cat: they'll both make a come-back.
Kick the cat out; she'll come back sure enough.
A good cat deserves a good rat.
By scratching and biting cat and dog come together.
It is a bold mouse that makes her nest in the cat's ear.
Young cats will mouse, young apes will louse.
Don't buy a cat in a bag.
Care killed the cat.
The cat that catches nomice does not earn his keep.
Curiosity killed the cat.
But, satisfaction brought it back.
A scalded cat dreads even cold water.
Keep no more cats than will catch mice.
At home an elephant, abroad a cat.
When rats infest the Palace a lame cat is better than the swiftest horse. - Chinese Proverb
He who plays with a cat must bear its scratches.
When the cat and the calf play the fiddle, you are caught in the middle.
Keep an eye on the cat and another on the frying pan.
The cat in gloves catches no mice.
The cat shuts his eyes while he steals the cream.
The eye of the housewife makes the cat fat.
The old cat refuses to admit that the face in the looking-glass is her own.
If you give your milk to the cat you must drink water out of the sink.
What joy fills the mouse when the cat is out of the house.
When a weasel and a cat kiss, the future is not very bright.
If you play with a cat, you must not mind her scratch.
The widow gave orders to her cat and the cat gave them to its tail.
When the cat sleeps the mice play.
The cat loves fish, but she's loth to wet her feet.
Lions are not terrified of cats.
If the cat had wings she'd choke all the birds in the air. *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:36am
.Page 3
The kind man feeds his beast before sitting down to dinner. Hebrew Proverb
The cat loves fish, but hates wet feet. Medieval Proverb
The cat dreams of garbage. Hindu Proverb
All cats are grey in the dark.
The dog may be wonderful prose, but only the cat is poetry.
- French Proverb
A cat is a lion in a jungle of small bushes.
- Indian Proverb
Those that dislike cats will be carried to the cemetery in the rain.
- Dutch Proverb *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 08:37am
*
jayantee 11.02.11 - 03:29pm
Thanks prince *
princ3_1 11.02.11 - 03:31pm
No thanks in work and duties. *
